Marcus Mosiah Garvey, a Jamaican national, was deported from the United States in 1927 after being convicted of mail fraud in 1923. Many legal experts and historians believe that Garvey's demise came about because of the influence and impact of his Black Nationalist and Pan - Africanist rhetoric which resonated with Blacks all over the World. The United Negro Improvement Association and the Shipping line he created expanded this influence and further angered his enemies, which got the attention of J. Edgar Hoover, director of the Bureau of Investigation, who pursued Garvey relentlessly. In 1925, Armin Kohn of the law firm of Kohn and Nagler said, "In my 23 years of practice at the N. Y, bar, i have never handled a case in which the defendant has been treated with such manifest unfairness."
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