When i was 14 I went through a gun safety course. Through this course I feel I gained a true respect and understanding of guns. Knowledge is power and I think having police officers come to schools every few years to teach children about guns would empower them.
Curriculum could be based on age range and what is appropriate. Initially they would just be taught to not handle guns and contact adults if they find one. As they age they could be taught how to spot a potential incident and eventually how to safely handle a firearm themselves. Each year pamphlets could be sent to parents letting them know what is being taught and they could choose to opt out.
I feel that over several generations we can teach our children to respect the pros and cons of guns in a way we have failed to thus far.