Create a national registry where states can request funds (federal grants or loans) to repair the infrastructure in their state. Also, allow the Department of Transportation the authority to force repairs to be made if a state refuses, or a state is simply incompetent in doing so.
If repairs are not made when infrastructure receives a grade below C-, heavy penalties or fines should recur/the state can receive no other federal aid of any form until repairs are made to the Department of Transportation's satisfaction. There must be strict deadlines for when construction begins and ends, to end the nonsense of sporadic road repair. Currently, some projects in this country go on for years, and the quality is still poor/a failure upon completion - it's a joke.