Not commit an act of war without Congress' prior explicit declaration of an act of war, which demands military action.

The Commander-in-Chief shall not have unchecked, open ended power to continue heightened military action except in the express defense against an attack upon the United States of America or its allies as specified by treaty. The Commander-in-Chief shall use at his or her discretion the most efficient means of defending the nation, and Congress is expected to make available to the Commander-in-Chief the necessary resources to properly provide the common defense of the people of the United States of America.