Long before the actions of PFC Manning and Edward Snowden, the court-martial of Captain Lawrence Rockwood in 1995 demonstrated that the "so-called" options that Manning's and Snowden's detractors held out to them have never been available to US intelligence personnel. After fifteen years of military service, he was dishonerably separated from the US Army because of his action as a military intelligence officer. Concerned with human rights violations known by US forces in Haiti in September 1994 and knowing the indifference on the part of his command toward those suffering from these violations, he conducted an unauthorized survey of political prisoners held at the National Penitentiary in Port-au-Prince. He received the American Civil Liberties Union's Kharas Award for his "crime."
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