The Seventh Amendment to the US Constitution ensures trial by jury in civil cases. Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure strips that right away by allowing judges to decide cases without a jury. Federal judges are abusing this power to dismiss meritorious cases.
Rule 56 should be repealed or, at least, sharply limited. It should not apply to questions of motive or intent or what a "reasonable person" would perceive or do.



