Raise the income tax bracket on all income above $2 million in 2011-adjusted dolars to 90%.
This cannot hurt businesses since they can always "re-invest" profit in order to grow (such reinvestment is no longer income)
This does not hurt the "rich", since they still take home millions.
This does allow us to reduce our debt, build up our infrastructure, create programs to encourage the development of small business, fund more education, and numerous other things.
It is essentially capitalism (you can still make large amounts of money) with better opportunities to those that have yet to "make it" (since the programs the money would create could be further used to boost the economy).