ATM machines were created so that banks could offer people access to their accounts without having to employ additional tellers. This was done as a cost saving measure, and was in no way a requirement of any bank to offer ATM access to their customers, if anything ATM access was an inducement to potential customers and current customers to choose that bank over another.
Banks also chose to create networks of shared ATM machines as a further savings measure, rather than having to install large numbers of their own ATM machines.
If the cost to operate these machines has become so prohibitive, banks should be compelled to shut down their ATM machines and go back to tellers.
All ATM fees should be rendered illegal.