In twelve states (California, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and Washington), laws are in place which prevent citizens from legally recording a conversation etc. without the consent of each party involved. Although the extent of these laws vary in each of the referenced states, these measures essentially make it illegal to create any recordings that have not been consented to by all relevant parties, regardless of whether it occurs on public or private grounds. This prevents citizens from being able to legally record activity that may be relevant as evidence in a court of law, even when it involves police encounters and/or occurs in a space where there is no reasonable expectation of privacy.



