Motivate younger and healthier uninsured people to enroll in health insurance plans, instead of just paying the penalty when the penalty is less than the annual premium. Do this by refunding the excess of premium over penalty to the insured. If done for these folks for the first few years, this should swell the ranks of the insured, and competition among insurers should drive premiums down as the risk profile becomes better balanced. The taxpayer cost of the refunds should disappear in a few years as existing ACA provisions increase the penalty year by year.
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